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The Nepalese scripts (Nepal Bhasa: नेपाल लिपि ''Nepāl Lipi''; also known as ''Nepāl Ākhala'', or ''Nepālāksara'' in Sanskrit) are a group of Brahmic scripts of the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal. They have been used primarily to write Nepal Bhasa.〔Tuladhar, Prem Shanti (2000). ''Nepal Bhasa Sahityaya Itihas: The History of Nepalbhasa Literature.'' Kathmandu: Nepal Bhasa Academy. ISBN 99933-56-00-X. Page 306.〕 The alphabets were in widespread use from the 10th century to the early 20th century, but have since been largely supplanted by Devanagari. More than 46,000 manuscripts written in Nepal Lipi have been archived till date.〔(Nepal German Manuscript Cataloguing Project )〕 These scripts have also been used to write Sanskrit, Nepali, Hindi, Maithili, Bengali and Braj Bhasha languages in Nepal's mountainous region.〔Pokharel, Balkrishna (1975). ''Panchsay Barsha.'' Kathmandu: Sajha Prakashan. Pages 84 and 96.〕 They have been used to inscribe mantras on funerary markers and at sacred sites in Japan since ancient times. ==History== Nepal or Nepalese script〔Sakya, Hemaraj (2004) ''Svayambhū Mahācaitya: The self-arisen great Caitya of Nepal.'' Svayambhu Vikash Mandal. ISBN 99933-864-0-5, ISBN 978-99933-864-0-7. Page 607. Retrieved 29 March 2012.〕 appeared in the 10th century. The earliest instance is a manuscript entitled ''Lankavatara Sutra'' dated Nepal Era 28 (908 AD). Another early specimen is a palm-leaf manuscript of a Buddhist text the ''Prajnaparamita'', dated Nepal Era 40 (920 AD).〔Shrestha, Rebati Ramanananda (2001). ''Newah.'' Lalitpur: Sahityaya Mulukha. Page 86.〕 One of the oldest manuscript of Ramayana, preserved till date, was written in Nepal Script in 1041.〔(Institute of Scientific Research on Vedas )〕 The script has been used on stone and copper plate inscriptions, coins (Nepalese mohar), palm-leaf documents and Hindu and Buddhist manuscripts. Among the different scripts based on Nepal script, Ranjana (meaning "delightful"), Bhujinmol ("fly-headed") and Prachalit ("ordinary") are the most common.〔 Page 87.〕 Ranjana is the most ornate among the scripts. It is most commonly used to write Buddhist texts and inscribe mantras on prayer wheels, shrines, temples and monasteries. The popular Buddhist mantra ''Om mani padme hum'' (meaning ("Hail to the jewel in the lotus" in Sanskrit) is often written in Ranjana. Besides the Kathmandu Valley and the Himalayan region in Nepal, the Ranjana script is used for sacred purposes in Tibet, China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Bhutan, Sikkim and Ladakh. The Jokhang Temple in Lhasa, Tibet is ornamented with mantras embossed in Ranjana script, and the panels under the eaves are numbered using Nepal Lipi.〔Tuladhar, Kamal Ratna (second edition 2011). ''Caravan to Lhasa: A Merchant of Kathmandu in Traditional Tibet.'' Kathmandu: Lijala and Tisa. ISBN 99946-58-91-3. Page 115.〕 Among the famed historical texts written in Nepal Lipi are ''Gopalarajavamsavali'', a history of Nepal, which appeared in 1389 AD,〔Vajracarya, Dhanavajra and Malla, Kamal P. (1985). ''The Gopalarajavamsavali.'' Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden GmbH.〕 the Nepal-Tibet treaty of Nepal Era 895 (1775 AD) and a letter dated Nepal Era 535 (1415 AD) sent by Chinese Emperor Tai Ming to Shakti-simha-rama, a feudatory of Banepa.〔Tamot, Kashinath (2009). ''Sankhadharkrit Nepal Sambat.'' Nepal Mandala Research Guthi. ISBN 978-9937209441. Pages 68-69.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nepalese scripts」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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